Chadwick was born in in Manchester, England. In , Chadwick decided to travel to Germany to study with Hans Geiger. Unfortunately, not long after he arrived, WWI broke out and Chadwick ended up spending the next four years in a prison camp there. This did not entirely stop his scientific studies. To keep from being bored, he and some fellow prisoners formed a science club, lectured to each other, and managed to convince the guards to let them set up a small lab.
Though many chemicals were hard to get hold of, Chadwick even found a type of radioactive toothpaste that was on the market in Germany at the time, and managed to persuade the guards to supply him with it. Using some tin foil and wood he built an electroscope and did some simple experiments.
Chadwick was able to continue to work on radioactivity, now with more sophisticated apparatus than tin foil and toothpaste. In , Chadwick was appointed assistant director of Cavendish Laboratory. Rutherford had discovered the atomic nucleus in , and had observed the proton in However, it seemed there must be something in the nucleus in addition to protons. For instance, helium was known to have an atomic number of 2 but a mass number of 4.
Some scientists thought there were additional protons in the nucleus, along with an equal number of electrons to cancel out the additional charge. In , Rutherford proposed that an electron and a proton could actually combine to form a new, neutral particle, but there was no real evidence for this, and the proposed neutral particle would be difficult to detect.
In , Chadwick proved the existence of neutrons, preparing the way towards the fission of Uranium and the creation of the atomic bomb. From to , Chadwick worked in the United States as Head of the British Mission collaborating with the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos and became a leading advocate for developing the atomic bomb in Britain, the predominant scientist associated with the effort.
He returned to Cambridge in , serving as Master of Gonville and Caius College until he retired in Additional information What happened today in chemistry? Category Atomic structure. Specification Scotland National 5 SQA Chemistry Chemical changes and structure Atomic structure and bonding related to properties of materials Periodic Table and atoms An atom has a nucleus, containing protons and neutrons, and electrons that orbit the nucleus. Protons have a charge of one-positive, neutrons are neutral and electrons have a charge of one-negative.
Protons and neutrons have an approximate mass of one atomic mass unit and electrons, in comparison, have virtually no mass. Research and present information on the contribution that scientists make to scientific discovery and invention and its impact on society. Appreciate the role of science in society; and its personal, social and global importance; and how society influences scientific research.
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