In , Dr. Marie Nyswander, she joined the research team of Dr. Together, the team established a program aimed at developing a medication to treat heroin addiction — at the time a growing urban crisis, especially in New York City.
Work from the team was among the earliest to characterize heroin addiction as a metabolic disorder that includes alterations in brain function with behavioral consequences — a critical advance in understanding and humanizing addiction and a perspective that has been fundamentally transformative for guiding treatment.
Much of the key observational work was conducted in active heroin users residing in the Rockefeller University Hospital. In , the team published the first paper demonstrating that methadone can be used to treat heroin addiction in the Archives of Internal Medicine now JAMA Internal Medicine Dole et al. Kreek and her colleagues found that that oral administration of the slow onset, long-acting synthetic opioid methadone, did not produce the intense euphoria that patients had experienced when they used heroin.
Primarily through the continued efforts of the team, by the FDA approved and established a framework for the use of methadone in the treatment of narcotic addiction. This work paved the way for the use of methadone and other related pharmacotherapies, such as buprenorphine, around the world and has saved and improved countless lives.
In , when Professor Vincent Dole redirected his research efforts to the study of alcohol, Dr. Kreek was provided the opportunity to independently carry forward her work on opioid addiction, one of the first women to serve as a laboratory head at the Rockefeller University.
That laboratory was eventually named the Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases. In , with her promotion to Associate Professor, Dr. Kreek became only the fourth woman to receive tenure at Rockefeller. She earned the distinction of Full Professor in and received the Patrick E. Haggerty endowed professorship in As Dr. Recognizing that meaningful advances in treating drug addiction will require multidisciplinary collaborative research teams, state-of-the-art basic research platforms, and an effective framework for translation, she recruited scientists and clinician-researchers with backgrounds in psychiatry, clinical psychology, genetics, chemistry, molecular biology, behavioral neuroscience, and pharmacology among other areas and began translational research programs aimed at understanding how brain function is altered in substance use disorders, the genetic determinants of drug addiction, and how opioid effects on immune function could influence the risk for HIV and infections such as hepatitis B and C, and tuberculosis.
By , she was directing two NIH-funded research centers — one focused on neurobiology and a second focused on genetics. While many will understandably cite her work with methadone as her most significant contribution to science, Dr.
Kreek authored more than research, review, and perspective papers. Her far-reaching research network extends across the globe. Kreek has directly mentored numerous scientists, clinicians, and policymakers and inspired many more through her leadership, which included prolific roles in many prominent scientific organizations and initiatives. She was a past president and executive board member in each organization and, in , she received the Nathan B.
Many have described Dr. Kreek as a force of nature. It was only appropriate that the meeting at which she received this award in Acapulco Mexico was briefly disrupted by a magnitude 6.
Kreek was actively involved in research and continued to advocate for pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder and destigmatizing drug addiction until her death. In a recent interview, she expressed frustration that opioid overdose rates have been increasing precipitously in the U.
At the same time Dr. Kreek also relayed satisfaction that her work advanced the perspective that opioid addiction is a brain disease and that her efforts related to methadone, buprenorphine, and other pharmacotherapies have provided hope and increased the quality of life for so many.
She also expressed excitement for the younger generation of scientists and physicians who will continue to carry forward her legacy and in particular, the many women scientists whom she has empowered and inspired. As many will attest, despite her stature and busy schedule, Dr. Kreek was always eager to take the time to give advice and encouragement to young scientists. Recently, Dr. Kreek was asked to write about her experience as a woman in science.
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